Mastering the Mossberg 590 Barrel Swap: A Comprehensive Guide
The Mossberg 590 is a legendary shotgun, renowned for its reliability and adaptability. One of the most common modifications owners explore is the barrel swap. Whether you’re aiming for improved maneuverability, specialized applications, or simply replacing a damaged barrel, understanding the intricacies of a Mossberg 590 barrel swap is crucial. This guide provides a comprehensive overview, covering everything from compatibility and selection to the actual swapping process and essential safety considerations. We aim to equip you with the knowledge to confidently and safely undertake this modification, enhancing your shotgun’s performance and versatility. This isn’t just about changing a part; it’s about understanding how that change impacts your firearm’s function and your shooting experience.
Understanding the Mossberg 590 Barrel System
Before diving into the swap itself, it’s vital to understand the Mossberg 590’s barrel system. Unlike some firearms with more standardized barrel interfaces, the 590 series, while robust, requires attention to detail when selecting a replacement. The 590’s design allows for relatively straightforward barrel changes, contributing to its popularity for customization. However, not all barrels are created equal, and compatibility is paramount.
The first key aspect is the magazine tube capacity. Mossberg 590s come in various configurations, most commonly 5+1, 6+1, and 8+1 (or even higher) configurations. The barrel you select must be compatible with your shotgun’s magazine tube length. A shorter barrel on a longer magazine tube is a functional problem, while a longer barrel on a shorter tube simply won’t fit.
Another crucial element is the barrel lug. This is the attachment point for the barrel to the magazine tube. Ensure the replacement barrel’s lug is correctly positioned to align with your existing magazine tube. Older models may have slight variations, so comparing your existing barrel with the intended replacement is always a good idea.
Furthermore, understanding choke systems is essential. Some barrels come with fixed chokes, while others accept interchangeable chokes. If you plan to use your 590 for diverse applications (e.g., home defense and sporting clays), a barrel with interchangeable chokes offers greater flexibility. Researching choke types and their impact on shot patterns is highly recommended.
Choosing the Right Barrel for Your Needs
Selecting the appropriate barrel is as important as the swap itself. Consider the primary purpose of your Mossberg 590. Is it for home defense, hunting, competition, or a combination? Each application benefits from different barrel characteristics.
Barrel length dramatically affects maneuverability and ballistic performance. Shorter barrels (18.5-20 inches) are ideal for close-quarters situations like home defense, offering faster handling in tight spaces. Longer barrels (24-28 inches) are better suited for hunting or target shooting, providing a longer sight radius and potentially improved accuracy at longer ranges. However, they are less maneuverable.
The bore type is another factor. A smooth bore is the standard for shotguns, optimized for buckshot and slugs. Rifled barrels are designed specifically for sabot slugs, providing significantly improved accuracy at longer distances. However, using standard shot shells in a rifled barrel will result in poor patterns.
The sight system is also important. Some barrels come with bead sights, while others have ghost ring sights or even Picatinny rails for mounting optics. Choose a sight system that aligns with your intended use and your visual acuity. Ghost ring sights are generally considered superior for rapid target acquisition, especially in low-light conditions.
Finally, consider the material and construction of the barrel. Chrome-lined barrels offer enhanced corrosion resistance and are easier to clean, making them a good choice for frequent use or harsh environments. Heavier barrel profiles can also help to mitigate recoil and improve accuracy, but they add weight to the overall firearm.
Step-by-Step Guide to Performing a Mossberg 590 Barrel Swap
Safety First! Before commencing any work on your firearm, ensure it is unloaded and that you are working in a safe, well-lit environment. Double-check the chamber and magazine tube to confirm they are empty. Wear appropriate eye protection.
- Disassembly:
- Point the shotgun in a safe direction.
- Unscrew the magazine tube cap.
- Remove the barrel by sliding it forward, away from the receiver.
- Inspection:
- Thoroughly inspect the new barrel for any defects or obstructions.
- Compare the new barrel to the old barrel, paying close attention to the barrel lug position and magazine tube compatibility.
- Installation:
- Slide the new barrel into the receiver, ensuring the barrel lug aligns correctly with the magazine tube.
- Slide the barrel rearward until it seats fully against the receiver.
- Secure the barrel by tightening the magazine tube cap. Ensure it is snug but not overly tight.
- Function Check:
- Manually cycle the action several times to ensure smooth operation.
- Visually inspect the alignment of the barrel and magazine tube.
- Perform a dry fire test (with the shotgun pointed in a safe direction) to confirm the trigger mechanism is functioning correctly.
Important Note: If you encounter any resistance or difficulty during the installation process, stop immediately. Forcing the barrel can damage your shotgun. Consult a qualified gunsmith for assistance.
Essential Safety Considerations
Firearm safety is paramount. After completing the barrel swap, it’s crucial to conduct a thorough safety check before loading and firing the shotgun.
- Headspace: While the Mossberg 590 is generally forgiving, improper headspace can lead to dangerous malfunctions. If you are unsure about headspace, consult a gunsmith.
- Ammunition Compatibility: Ensure the ammunition you are using is compatible with the new barrel’s specifications. Using the wrong ammunition can damage the barrel or cause injury.
- Pattern Testing: After installing the new barrel, pattern test your shotgun at various distances to determine the optimal choke for your intended use. This is especially important if you are using interchangeable chokes.
- Professional Inspection: If you are not comfortable performing the barrel swap yourself, or if you have any concerns about the safety or functionality of your shotgun, consult a qualified gunsmith.
Troubleshooting Common Issues
While a Mossberg 590 barrel swap is generally straightforward, some common issues can arise. Here are some troubleshooting tips:
- Barrel Not Seating Properly: This is often caused by improper alignment of the barrel lug or debris in the receiver. Ensure the lug is correctly aligned and clean the receiver thoroughly.
- Magazine Tube Cap Difficult to Tighten: This can indicate that the barrel is not fully seated or that the magazine tube threads are damaged. Ensure the barrel is fully seated and inspect the magazine tube threads for damage.
- Failure to Cycle Properly: This can be caused by improper headspace or a damaged extractor. Consult a gunsmith for assistance.
The Impact of Barrel Swaps on Accuracy and Performance
A barrel swap can significantly impact your Mossberg 590’s accuracy and overall performance. Shorter barrels, while more maneuverable, generally result in a wider shot pattern at longer ranges. Longer barrels provide a longer sight radius, which can improve aiming accuracy, especially with slugs.
The choke also plays a critical role in pattern density. A tighter choke (e.g., full choke) will produce a denser pattern at longer ranges, while a more open choke (e.g., cylinder bore) will produce a wider pattern at shorter ranges. Experimenting with different chokes is essential to find the optimal configuration for your intended use.
Furthermore, the type of ammunition you use will also affect accuracy and performance. Different brands and types of ammunition will produce different patterns. Testing various ammunition types is crucial to determine which performs best in your shotgun.
Maintaining Your Mossberg 590 Barrel
Proper maintenance is essential to ensure the longevity and reliability of your Mossberg 590 barrel. After each use, clean the barrel thoroughly with a bore brush and solvent to remove any fouling or residue. Lubricate the barrel lightly with gun oil to prevent rust and corrosion.
Regularly inspect the barrel for any signs of damage, such as dents, bulges, or cracks. If you notice any damage, consult a gunsmith for repair or replacement. Pay particular attention to the choke threads, ensuring they are clean and free of debris.
Store your Mossberg 590 in a dry, safe place to prevent rust and corrosion. Consider using a gun sock or case to protect the barrel from scratches and dings.
Customizing Your Mossberg 590 Beyond the Barrel
While a barrel swap is a significant upgrade, it’s just one aspect of customizing your Mossberg 590. Numerous other modifications can enhance your shotgun’s performance and versatility.
- Stock Replacement: Replacing the stock can improve ergonomics and recoil absorption.
- Forend Upgrade: Upgrading the forend can provide a more secure grip and allow for the attachment of accessories, such as lights and lasers.
- Sling Installation: Installing a sling can make it easier to carry your shotgun and improve weapon retention.
- Optic Mounting: Mounting an optic, such as a red dot sight or holographic sight, can significantly improve aiming accuracy.
Mossberg 590: A Legacy of Adaptability
The Mossberg 590’s enduring popularity stems from its robust design and ease of customization. The ability to perform a Mossberg 590 barrel swap empowers owners to tailor their shotgun to specific needs and preferences. By understanding the nuances of barrel selection, installation, and safety considerations, you can confidently enhance your 590’s performance and versatility. Remember, consulting a qualified gunsmith is always a wise decision if you’re uncomfortable with any aspect of the process. Embrace the adaptability of the Mossberg 590 and unlock its full potential. Share your experiences with upgrading your Mossberg 590 in the comments below.
